Prevalence and geographical distribution of infectious diseases in goats in Southeast and East Asia: A comprehensive review

초록

Goats are vital livestock in Southeast and East Asia, contributing to food security, rural livelihoods, and trade. However, the region harbors a wide range of infectious diseases, threatening both animal production and public health. A region-specific synthesis of disease distribution is needed to inform effective control strategies. This study aimed to comprehensively review and synthesize published data on the geographical distribution of infectious diseases in goats in Southeast and East Asia from 2013 to 2024, emphasizing regional patterns, diagnostic approaches, and implications for disease control. A systematic literature search of peer-reviewed English articles was conducted using multiple databases. Studies reporting prevalence data for bacterial, viral, parasitic, or mixed infections in goats were included. Extracted data were categorized by pathogen, country, year, and diagnostic method. Where reported, 95% confidence intervals for prevalence were recorded. A total of 125 studies from 12 countries met inclusion criteria. High-prevalence clusters (>30%) were observed for Coxiella burnetii in Northern China and Mongolia, foot-and-mouth disease virus in Laos and Myanmar, and Haemonchus contortus in tropical lowland countries. Peste des Petits Ruminants virus seroprevalence declined in Myanmar after 2020, coinciding with vaccination programs, but molecular detection persisted in parts of China and Mongolia. Diagnostics influenced prevalence, with serology yielding higher estimates than molecular assays. Mixed infections were reported in 14.4% of studies, most commonly combining parasitic and vector-borne pathogens. These findings underscore the urgent need for harmonized diagnostics, expanded surveillance, and coordinated cross-border strategies to improve goat health and sustain rural livelihoods in Southeast and East Asia. Key Words: East Asia, Goats (Capra hircus ), Infectious diseases, Prevalence, Southeast A

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