항체의 항암 치료 적용과 개발: ADCC, CDC, ADCP 및 ADC의 역할

초록

The field of therapeutic antibodies has rapidly expanded in recent years, establishing a dominant position in the cancer treatment landscape. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), specialized therapeutic agents used in oncology, can be categorized into two primary groups. The first group includes antibodies that directly target disease processes by binding to tumor-specific receptors to inhibit cancer cell proliferation or by engaging immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, to mediate cancer cell destruction through mechanisms like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). The second group involves engineered antibodies, designed to enhance therapeutic efficacy. These modifications include immunocytokines, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), antibody- radioisotope conjugates, and bispecific antibodies targeting multiple receptors. Additionally, advanced methods such as immunoliposomes and chimeric antigen receptor Tcell (CAR-T) therapies introduce genes to precisely target specific cancer markers, further increasing treatment specificity. These approaches have shown significant clinical promise, delivering beneficial outcomes for cancer patients and attracting substantial research interest. With continued innovation, therapeutic antibodies hold considerable potential for further advancement. This review explores targeted cancer treatments using therapeutic antibodies, specifically ADCC, CDC, ADCP, and ADC, and discusses future prospects for this evolving field.

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