Harvesting Nature's Treasure: Examining Soil Properties and Nutrient Bounty in the Crop Fields of Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan using Geostatistical Kriging

초록

Nutrient distribution and quantification are critical to both agricultural output and agricultural protection. However, it can be difficult to properly measure these soil factors in places where transitions alter over short distances, which makes land-use management complicated. In the agricultural district of Hafizabad in Punjab, Pakistan, this research paper aimed to quantify and analyze the spatial distribution of macronutrients (potassium and phosphorus), micronutrients (zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and boron), and soil characteristics (pH, organic matter, and electrical conductivity). The process of soil sampling is methodical; the research region is divided into eight villages, and GPS is used to record exact locations. The result shows that soil pH levels in Kot Shabir Ahmed and Chack Bher are found to be alkaline, while electrical conductivity in all villages is within normal ranges. Each village has a different amount of organic matter in the soil, but Chack Bher is within permissible bounds. The concentrations of micronutrients and macronutrients vary throughout villages, with some going above suggested levels. A significant relationship between nutrients and soil properties was found. Patterns of nutrient distribution were shown by kriging interpolation. The results give significant views for accurate nutrient management, strengthening sustainable farming practices, and enhancing crop yield in the Hafizabad region.

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