농업용 저수지 용수 공급 및 관개량 모의를 위한 필지 단위와 지선 단위 SWMM 비교

초록

Efficient irrigation water management is essential for sustainable agricultural practices in paddy-dominant irrigation districts, where reservoir releases and conveyance losses significantly impact field-scale ponding. This study developed a field-scale Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) framework to improve the spatial resolution and hydro-hydraulic fidelity of irrigation and water delivery processes. Its performance was compared with a conventional lateral-scale model in the Baekma Reservoir watershed, a standard test basin designated by the Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC). The field-scale SWMM was parameterized using field survey data and GIS-derived information that reflected plot-level irrigation demand, canal network connectivity, and operational constraints. Model performance was assessed against observed canal water levels using the coefficient of determination (R²) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The field-scale models accurately replicated upstream stage dynamics, achieving statistically significant agreement (p < 0.05), which indicates a reliable representation of inflow and upper-network hydraulics. However, simulation accuracy diminished in downstream reaches, primarily due to the lack of water-gate operation data and incomplete downstream boundary condition specifications. These factors may disrupt hydraulic continuity and introduce uncertainty in delivery timing. Despite these limitations, the field-scale model effectively captured the spatial heterogeneity of irrigation distribution and maintained continuity in downstream supply, highlighting a clear imbalance with reduced irrigation in lower reaches. Many downstream paddy fields struggled to maintain the target ponding depth and were classified as insufficient for ponding maintenance.

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