Effect of chloramine concentration on biofilm maintenance on pipe surfaces exposed to nutrient-limited drinking water

초록

This study addresses the effect of specific monochloramine concentration oil biofilm density and bacterial functional potential in nutrient-limited water. The efficacy of monochloramine residual maintenance on biofilm density was studied at a range of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/l, using a 3:1 (w/w) dosing ratio of chlorine to ammonia, with the provision of low-nutrient water (0.18 mg/l. as total organic carbon, 0.055 mg/l as biodegradable dissolved organic carbon, and 10.5 mu g/l. as assimilable organic carbon) using a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter. Biofilm density was Monitored using biofilm bacteria counts and analysis of the physiological substrate utilisation profiles in Biolog gram-negative (GN) micro-plates. The monochloramine residuals were maintained stable in the low-nutrient water pipes, which contributed to the inhibition of biofilm density. Increasing the monochloramine residual from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/l Suppressed the total cells and heterotrophic plate Count (HPC) bacteria in the biofilms by about 1 and 2 log units, respectively. The biofilm HPC densities were more sensitive to monochloramine residual, and the reduction in biofilm HPC densities expressed as log CFU/cm(2) Showed ail exponential relationship with the increase in monochloramine residual. The Biolog micro-plate-based community-based assay showed that the biofilm communities occurring at 3 levels of chloramination were distinguished by the differences in their Substrate utilisation potentials. The functional/metabolic potential of the biofilm community's ability to utilise specific substrates was much lower at higher monochloramine concentration. Results Suggest that the maintenance of a consistently high-level monochloramine residual in the low-nutrient water system led not only to a reduction in biofilm density on pipe Surfaces bill also depressed potential functional/metabolic ability of the biofilm community.

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