Comparative Analysis of Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Fagopyrum esculentum from Different Origins and Optimization of Extraction Conditions

초록

Fagopyrum esculentum, widely cultivated worldwide, is a functional crop rich in phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and rutin, all of which have strong antioxidant properties. However, the extraction efficiency of these bioactive compounds is affected by extraction conditions and cultivation origin. This study examined three domestic F. esculentum cultivars (Bongpyeong, Nonsan, Yecheon) and one Chinese cultivar to establish optimal extraction conditions and compare antioxidant capacities. Extraction parameters included ethanol concentration (50% and 70%) and temperature (40°C, 60°C, and 80°C), while extraction time was fixed at 2 h. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and rutin content were quantified, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, FRAP, and reducing power. Results showed that extraction using 70% ethanol at 40°C yielded the highest TPC, TFC, and rutin recovery across all cultivars. Among samples, Bongpyeong F. esculentum extract consistently exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, followed by the Yecheon, Nonsan, and Chinese varieties. Antioxidant activities increased dose dependently, with significant differences among cultivars (p < 0.05). These variations were closely associated with origin- and cultivar-specific differences in bioactive composition. In conclusion, the antioxidant potential of F. esculentum is strongly influenced by extraction conditions and cultivation origin. The optimized condition (70% ethanol, 40°C, and 2 h) maximized recovery of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and rutin, particularly in the Bongpyeong cultivar. These findings provide a scientific basis for extraction standardization and underscore the importance of the cultivar and origin when developing F. esculentum as a functional food material.

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