평창 대화산성의 조영과 신라의 영서지방 진출

초록

This paper investigates the construction period of Daehwasanseong Fortress in Pyeongchang by reviewing the results of recent field surveys and the artifacts collected within the fortress, and examines the historical and geopolitical background of its construction in the context of the borderland dynamics between Silla and Goguryeo during the Maripgan period. An analysis of pottery fragments— two-tiered mounted cups, bowl-shaped pottery, and jar with long necked— collected from the cultivated area inside the fortress revealed that they correspond to Silla pottery from the north mound of Hwangnamdaechong tomb phase, which has been identified in the Yeongdong region, such as the ancient tombs in Chodang-dong and Byeongsan-dong in Gangneung. Based on this, it was determined that Daehwasanseong Fortress was constructed and operated by Silla forces based in Haseulla (Gangneung) by the late 5th century at the latest. The late 5th century was a period when Silla built multiple stronghold fortresses in the upper reaches of the Namhan River (Niha) to establish a defensive line against Goguryeo's southward expansion. Unlike other Silla fortresses located along the eastern banks of the Namhan River, Daehwasanseong Fortress is situated in the Daehwacheon basin, which flows into the Pyeongchang River system. This suggests a high probability that Daehwasanseong Fortress functioned as a frontline defensive stronghold to check the Goguryeo forces centered around Nosanseong Fortress on the west bank of the Pyeongchang River. Furthermore, the existence of Daehwasanseong Fortress implies that Silla had secured a key route advancing from Gangneung, through Imgye and Jeongseon, into the Hoengseong and Wonju. In conclusion, Daehwasanseong Fortress serves as crucial archaeological evidence that reconsiders the conventional perception that the upper Namhan River region, including Pyeongchang, belonged exclusively to Goguryeo's territory following King Jangsu's southward expansion. It demonstrates that Silla had already advanced deep into the inland Yeongseo region by the late 5th century, establishing a military bridgehead and actively pursuing territorial expansion.

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