Facile strategy for high-efficiency purification and regeneration of graphite anodes from spent lithium-ion batteries

초록

The rapid expansion of the global electric vehicle market has driven a growing demand for battery recycling industries. Although significant advancements have been achieved in the recycling of cathode materials from spent LIBs, the regeneration of graphite anodes remains challenging due to technical constraints. However, considering the critical role of graphite and its substantial influence on battery cost and weight, efficient recycling is imperative for ensuring the sustainable development of next-generation batteries. This study proposes a commercially viable strategy for the regeneration of high-purity, battery-grade graphite from spent LIBs through a scalable multi-step recycling process. The process involves ultrasonication-assisted gravity separation for initial impurity removal, followed by controlled heat treatment and acid leaching to eliminate residual metallic impurities, and concludes with surface modification via pyrolytic carbon coating to restore structural integrity. The regenerated graphite exhibits a significant reduction in impurities and a restoration of electrochemical performance to levels comparable with those of commercial graphite. By enhancing the quality and value recovery of spent graphite, this study advances sustainable practices in the LIB recycling industry, supporting a more resource-efficient and environmentally sustainable future.

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