A comprehensive analysis of simultaneous chlorate and perchlorate detection methods in a wide range of food products

초록

Chlorate and perchlorate-by-products of sanitization and other industrial operations-pose emerging risks to food safety. Regulating their occurrence through systematic food-monitoring programs is therefore imperative, and this goal demands high-throughput, cost-efficient analysis of large sample volumes. A simple, accurate method based on the Quick Polar Pesticides (QuPPe) workflow coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for their quantification in diverse food matrices. Mobile-phase purity, column chemistry, extraction time, freeze-out precipitation, and cleanup were systematically optimized. Validation employed ten representative commodities drawn from the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists' food triangle. The method delivered linear calibration (R2 >= 0.99), limits of quantification of 0.01 mg kg-1 for both analytes (0.02 mg kg-1 in dried products), recoveries of 70.9-115.4 %, and relative standard deviations <= 20 %. All performance criteria complied with Codex Alimentarius Commission guideline CAC/GL-71 (2009). The studies offer a universal tool for food monitoring of chlorate and perchlorate across a broad spectrum of foods.

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