영유아 식품에서의 신흥 기회감염 식품매개 병원균 Cronobacter spp.: 분류학적 특성, 병원성, 전파 경로 및 제어 전략

초록

Cronobacter spp. are opportunistic foodborne pathogens that pose significant risks to neonates and young infants, particularly those who are preterm, low-birth-weight, or immunocompromised. Although the incidence of infection is relatively low, Cronobacter-associated diseases are linked to high mortality and severe long-term neurological sequelae. Powdered infant formula is recognized as the primary vehicle of transmission; however, these organisms have also been detected in expressed breast milk systems, donor human milk, low-moisture foods, fresh produce, and food-processing environments. This review provides an overview of the taxonomy, microbiological characteristics, environmental stress tolerance, and biofilm formation of Cronobacter spp., emphasizing their remarkable persistence under low-moisture conditions. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying invasive neonatal infections, including intestinal translocation and bloodbrain barrier penetration, are discussed with attention to species- and sequence type-specific differences. Current and emerging control strategies are critically evaluated, highlighting the need for integrated, multiple-hurdle, and risk-based approaches across manufacturing, environmental hygiene, and consumer handling practices.

키워드