Artificial White LED Light Influences Plant Growth and Centelloside Accumulation of Centella asiatica Grown in a Hydroponic System

초록

Centella asiatica is a perennial medicinal herb, a rich source of triterpenoids including centelloside (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid). Light intensity is an important factor that enhances plant growth and the accumulation of these triterpenoids in C. asiatica. The objective of this study was to investigate the optimal light intensity that enhances the growth of C. asiatica and centelloside accumulation. The plants were hydroponically grown using the nutrient film technique for four weeks under three different light intensities of white, fluorescent light at 50 (L50), 150 (L150), and 300 (L300) photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), maintaining a 16/8 h light/dark cycle with relative humidity at 65 ± 5%. The results revealed that morphological features of C. asiatica such as petiole length, number of leaves, leaf area, number of runners, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly higher in plants treated with L150. However, the highest content of asiaticoside, madecassoside, and asiatic acid was observed in L300-treated plants. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the number of leaves, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and SPAD value are positively correlated. These results suggest that although the L300 treatment hinders the morphological development of C. asiatica, it is preferable for centelloside biosynthesis.

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