춘천 지역 화전의 해체와 생활세계의 재편: 식민지기 산림행정과 1960~1970년대 화전정리정책을 중심으로

초록

This study examines the history of swidden cultivation in Chuncheon as a regional historical process in which mountain livelihoods, forestry administration, water-resource development, and labor transition intersected. Drawing on records on swidden cultivation in Chuncheon from the Joseon period, colonial-period newspaper articles, forestry policy materials, local reports, and oral histories, it analyzes how the lifeworlds of swidden farmers in Chuncheon were dismantled and reorganized. In particular, colonial-period sources show that, from the 1930s onward, swidden spaces in Chuncheon were reclassified as afforestation sites, mulberry fields, erosion-control areas, and relocation sites. Swidden farmers were also identified not only as agents of forest degradation but as subjects to be reorganized as peasants, construction workers, and migrants. After liberation and the Korean War, swidden clearance policies became more systematic during the 1960s and 1970s under the aims of national reforestation, forest restoration, land conservation, water-resource development, and industrialization. The clearance of swidden settlements around Daeryongsan Mountain, the settlement of the veterans’ village in Sinchon-ri, the resettlement projects in Sinbuk-eup and Seo-myeon, the construction of Chuncheon Dam and the formation of Owol-ri Maeuntanggol, the submergence caused by Soyanggang Dam, and the creation of the Hupyeong Industrial Complex all demonstrate how the living spaces of swidden-related residents were reclassified and rearranged within the logics of forestry and development policies. Yet this process did not lead directly to stable settlement or modern occupational transition. Residents reconstructed their livelihoods under changing conditions by combining farming, tenant cultivation, construction work, factory labor, and water-based tourism. Therefore, the history of swidden farmers in Chuncheon cannot be reduced either to a success story of reforestation or to a policy history of swidden clearance. Rather, it was a regional historical process in which mountain and waterside lifeworlds were investigated, classified, and reorganized through colonial forestry administration and the development policies of the 1960s and 1970s, while residents were incorporated into new orders of migration, settlement, and labor transition. At the same time, it was also a history of everyday life in which residents continued to survive under the pressures of development and created new places and social relations.

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