실천과 종교적 권위:인도네시아 무함마디야 설립자 다흐란의 사례

초록

This paper examines the relation between praxis and religious authority in modern Muslim society. In the modern era when the separation of the religious from the non-religious becomes clear, religious practices also tend to include those in non-religious domains. Active involvements in politico-economic and socio-cultural issues can play a central role in building up an authority of religious leaders. In order to look at the meaning of praxis in modern Muslim society, this paper examines the case of Ahmad Dahlan, who established an Islamic mass organization in Indonesia, Muhammadiyah. He did not have any qualification which had been keys to make someone a religious leader. Born in a family of a low-ranking official in the Islamic kingdom of Mataram, Yogyakarta, he did not have blood relationship with renowned Islamic scholar of the past, nor was he in a position to have strong political and economic power. As the lack of books written by him shows, he did not have extensive knowledge on Islamic scholarly traditions. He did not have chances to be educated under renowned scholars or educational institutions. He was not acknowledged to have mystical power or capacity to act out miracles. In spite of these, the organization he established has developed into one of the largest mass organizations in the Islamic world, managing thousands of schools, hospitals and welfare institutions. He has been the centripetal force of Muhammadiyah and has been located at the center of its discourse on social and religious activities. His case gives us a chance to appreciate the role of praxis in modern Muslim society and its relation with religious authority, which have been paid less attention to by scholars of Islam.

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