Residue dynamics and metabolic pathways of sulfoxaflor in Cirsium japonicum var. maackii and Olea europaea L.

초록

BACKGROUND With the increasing use of pesticides, concerns regarding food safety have intensified. In response, the government of South Korea implemented the Positive List System (PLS) in 2019 to strengthen pesticide residue regulations. Thistle (Cirsium spp.) and olive (Olea europaea) are classified as minor crops, with limited registered pesticides and established maximum residue limits (MRLs). This study examined the residue and metabolic characteristics of the insecticide sulfoxaflor in these crops, followed by a risk assessment.RESULTS Initial residue levels averaged 14.23 mg kg-1 g-1 in thistle and 2.54 mg kg-1 g-1 in olive. These differences were attributed to variations in morphological characteristics affecting pesticide adhesion. Metabolite analysis revealed that sulfoxaflor undergoes distinct degradation pathways in each crop, with X11719474 being a primary metabolite in thistle, but not in olive. The estimated half-life of sulfoxaflor was 4.1 days in thistle and 14.7 days in olive. Under the maximum exposure scenario (day of application, 99th percentile consumption), the hazard index (HI) for thistle consumed as a tea was 1.203, indicating a potential risk. However, all harvest groups exhibited HI values below 0.5 after 3 days, suggesting a lower risk level. By contrast, the HI for olive remained below 0.01 even on the day of pesticide application, indicating minimal risk.CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to our understanding of the residue and metabolic characteristics of sulfoxaflor and provide fundamental data for establishing safe pesticide use guidelines and MRLs for thistle and olive cultivation. (c) 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

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