하학상달(下學上達)을 위한 체육의 목적 재고(再考)

초록

This study aims to enhance the understanding of the educational essence of physical education by investigating purposeful human behavior through Confucius’ concept of Hahaksangdal (下學上達). Confucius follows a progression from learning the fundamentals of life through Hahaksangdal, and then advances his knowledge through the study of prophecies. Confucius emphasizes the transition from a limited perspective to a more comprehensive one based on the achievements of Hahak. This shift in cognition enables the examination of purposeful human behavior within an educational context. In the context of physical education, there is an expectation to cultivate specific purposes through physical activities, which can be seen as a form of Hahak. The intended purpose to be nurtured is the core of our subject, namely excellence. When the fundamental essence of the subject becomes clear, it becomes easier to align individual or societal intentions with the goals set by the content. In this regard, the study delves into the three mental elements of human beings —intellect, emotion, and will— in relation to the objectives of physical education. Traditionally, knowledge, justice, and righteousness have been confined to the realm of justice. However, this study aims to reevaluate the intrinsic purpose of physical education by examining intelligence, justice, and righteousness from a philosophical perspective. Through this exploration, the study anticipates an improved representation of physical education as a discipline that can investigate human movement at an intellectual level.

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