陶山書院의 政治·社會的 役割과 位相

초록

This paper examines socio-political roles and status of Dosanseowon in accordance with four time periods: the establishment of Sarim, the Bungdang politics, the social reformation, and the loss of national sovereignty. During the establishment of Sarim politics, Dosanseowon was the center of Sarim politics. Dosanseowon's status as the leader and center of Sarim politics, which consequently made it become the most prestigious and privileged Seowon in Korea, was achieved through the Throne's acceptance of an appeal for Ohyunjongsa (enshrinement of five great men) in which Dosanseowon took the leading role of composing and sending up appeals to the Throne. In the period of the Bungdang politics, the roles and status of Dosanseowon underwent various phases depending on the changes of the political ruling powers. This period was further divided into three sub-periods. Dosanseowon in the period of Namin-Seoin conflicts pro- spered with the aid of the then ruling power, Bookin, as a consequence of which, Yeansajok took control of Dosanseowon with Andongsjok excluded. Dosanseowon in the period of Namin-Bukin conflicts, however, was brought about its ruin in the wake of Injobanjeong, which resulted in the fall of Bukin rule. As a consequence, Confucian scholars and poli- ticians from Andong who formed Byeongsanseowon took the lead in the matter of appeals to the Throne in which Namin of Yeongnam confronted Seoin face to face. The period of Namin-Noron conflicts again yielded a major breakthrough in the roles and status for Dosanseowon with the appearance of a Lee Hyunil and a change of selection of the head of Dosanseowon. With enthronement of King Jeongjo, Byeolsi exams were performed in Dosanseowon, and since then it also took a management role of Yeongnammaninso. With these two events, Dosanseowon became the center of Yeongnamsarim. During the period of social reformation, Dosanseowon played the role of a mediator in the midst of severe conflicts and entanglement of re- gional scholars and politicians between Guhyang (the established group of high status) and Sinhyang (the new group of the disadvantaged). In oder to meet the demands of the changing time, Dosanseowon took the side of Sinhyang, which led to the fall of Seowon scholar-led government system. During the period of the loss of national sovereignty, Yeongnamyurim from Dosanseowon led patriotic civilian solders against the foreign invader, Japan. When series of Eulmi contentions broke out in the wake of the ordinance prohibiting topknots by the colonial ruler Japan, the first statement of protest titled "Yeantongmun" was declared by Dosan- seowon. In addition, with the mobilization of its own land and property as working capital, Dosanseowon opened a school Bomunuisuk and was dedicated to the education of Korean nationalism and culture.

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