Adventitious Root Development and Ginsenoside Production in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium and Panax japonicum

초록

This work was carried out to establish adventitious root culture system in three Panax species (wild-grown P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium, and P. japonicum) to analyze their ginsenoside productivity. Adventitious roots were induced directly from segments of seedlings after cultured on MS (Murashige andSkoog 1962) solid medium containing 3.0 mg/l IBA. Omission of NH4NO3 from the medium greatly enhanced both the frequency of adventitious root formation and number of roots per explants in all the three Panax species. However, elongation of post-induced adventitious roots was enhanced on medium with NH4NO3. Two-step culture protocol: NH4NO3-free medium for first two weeks of culture, followed by NH4NO3 containing medium for further 4 weeks, greatly enhanced the fresh weight increase of adventitious roots in all the three ginseng species. The fresh weight of adventitious roots was high in P. quinquefolium and low in P. ginseng, followed by P. japonicum regardless of the composition of medium. Pattern and content of ginsenosides in adventitious roots differed among the three Panax species. Total ginsenoside content of adventitious roots in P. quinquefolium, P. ginseng, and P. japonicum was 8.03, 15.7 and 1.2 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Among the three speices, adventitious roots in P. quinquefolium produced highamount of ginsenosides. The pattern of ginsenoside fractions between P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium was similar but the amount of ginsenoside differed between the two. While, in P. japonicum, total ginsenoside content was very low and some ginsenosides such as ginsenoside Rb2 and Rf were not detected. Conclusively, we demonstrate that same culture condition was required for induction and elon-gation of adventitious roots of three ginseng species but growth of adventitious roots and their ginsenoside production were different among them.

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