Optimization of in vitro culture conditions for Ulmus macrocarpa to minimize shoot tip necrosis and excessive callus formation

초록

Ulmus macrocarpa, a native species of the Ulmus genus in Korea, has traditionally been used in herbal medicine for its bark and root extracts, similar to other Ulmus species. Recent studies have identified and isolated key bioactive compounds from this species, highlighting their pharmacological potential. However, the use of mature trees raises ecological concerns and presents limitations for sustainable production. This study aimed to establish optimal in vitro culture conditions for the uniform and continuous production of U. macrocarpa as raw material. During the culture process, growth disorders such as shoot tip necrosis (STN) and excessive callus formation were observed, which impeded effective shoot multiplication and plantlet development. To address these challenges, Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium were compared, and various cytokinin types (BA, Zeatin, 2iP, and TDZ) and concentrations were evaluated. The results indicated that DKW medium supplemented with 0.75 μM BA effectively eliminated STN, reduced callus formation, and significantly improved shoot multiplication and overall growth. These findings suggest that the optimized in vitro culture conditions established in this study offer a sustainable and standardized approach for the large-scale production of U. macrocarpa as a valuable industrial resource. © 2025 Korean Society for Plant Biotechnology.

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