Fluid-Dynamics-EngineeredGraphene-Liquid MetalHybrid Nanocomposite Ink for Highly Conductive and Stretchable WearableFiber Sensors

초록

Flexible wearable electronics require conductive materials that simultaneously show high electrical performance and mechanical robustness under large deformations; however, the development of these materials is hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between conductivity and stretchability. Herein, we report a graphene-liquid metal-thermoplastic polyurethane hybrid nanocomposite ink that forms a mechanically resilient and highly conductive network. The ink was fabricated via a fluid-dynamics-assisted process, enabling simultaneous graphene exfoliation and uniform dispersion of liquid-metal nanoparticles. Subsequent wet-spinning produced conductive fibers with a continuous and uniformly distributed network. The resulting fibers exhibited high electrical conductivity, high stretchability, and stable performance under repeated tensile and bending deformations, while fiber-based electrochemical Na+ sensors showed high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, a fast response, and long-term stability. Furthermore, textile-integrated sensors combined with a wireless module enabled real-time monitoring of physiological signals in human sweat. This study provides a scalable strategy for the design of multifunctional conductive inks and highlights the potential of hybrid nanocomposites for next-generation wearable electronics and healthcare applications.

키워드