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초록

Quintiliannus was one of the most distinguished rhetorians and educators during the period of Roman Empire. Unlike most other teachers, he came in near contact with governmental power and enjoyed wealth and reputation. After retiring from professorship of rhetoric, he wrote his most famous book De Institutione Oratoria. In this book, he wrote systematically about the art of rhetoric, surveyed synthetic educational theory in order to train an ideal orator, and explained the social role of the orator. Therefore De Institutione Oratoria is not merely a text of rhetoric, but also a book of educational thought. He defined his ideal orator as a vir bonus dicendi peritus, that is, a good man who can speak well. It was the expression Cato the Elder had used to describe his ideal orator. The reasons why Quintilianus emphasized ethical qualification of an ideal orator could be analyzed as follows. First, he criticised som contemporary philosophers who spoke and conducted irresponsibly and indolently ignoring the real world. He wished the reunification of philosophy and rhetoric made in his ideal orator. Second, he criticised some delatores who ignoring the rhetorical rules used to make harsh speeches in order to beat adversary in court. He wished that they should make better their speeches by studying rhetoric. The political world in which Quintilianus' ideal orator would play an active part is neither Republic nor Empire. It is an ideal world in which a orator with ethical qualification and oratorical ability combined in him would play a leading part. Quintilianus imagined a political world where Emperor and Senate would avoid exhausting and dangerous confrontation and the vir bonus dicendi peritus would play an important role.

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