Analysis of Elementary School Students' Observation Knowledge Generation by the Strategies of Observing Activity on Living Things

초록

The purpose of this study was to analysis the effect of elementary school students' observationknowledge generation by observing activity strategies. In this study, two different kinds of observingactivity was applied. The one is WTO (Whole-Type-Observation) that presented observation strategiesof all scientific observation types in a session, and the other is PTO (Part-Type-Observation)that just one scientific observation type in a session. This study got a total of 78 elementary 5thgrade students to be divided into a non-treatment class (26 students), the WTO class (26 students),and the PTO class (26 students). The non-treatment class underwent no special strategy, whilethe WTO and PTO classes were led to observe a total of seven sorts of small living things in sixsessions based on the given observation strategies presentation methods. The effects of the methodwere verified with a task of snail by carrying out pre- and post- tests before and after the classtreatments. As a result, both the WTO and PTO groups showed increase in OQ (observational abilityquotient), and the former group in particular had more increased OQ than the latter group. Therefore,we can say that it is desirable in the observation of small living things among 5th graders to guidethem by presenting observing strategies so that every type of observation can be fulfilled in onesession. Also, teacher's questioning based observing strategies using scientific observation andstudents' observation knowledge of small living things, presented in this study, can be used to planobservation learning in elementary schools.

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