Immune Modulation Effect of Pig Placenta Extracts in a Mouse Model: Putative Use as a Functional Food Supplement

초록

This study was performed to establish an effective extraction method of pig placenta extract that could be used for a putative functional food supplement with immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, we used different temperatures (4, 37, 60, 80, and 100 degrees C) and different solvents (chloroform, NaOH, and phosphate buffered saline [PBS]) to extract the pig placenta. Among the different placenta extracts yielded by the different extraction methods, placenta extract (PE) in PBS at 80 degrees C for 30 min (referred to as PE-PBS80) showed a significant increase of nitric oxide production of up to 22.97 mu M/10(5) cells at a 1 mg/mL dose (p<0.05) in J774A.1 cells than other extracts and control tested. Using PE-PBS80, further animal challenges were performed to identify the immune-enhanced effects. As a result, orally administered PE-PBS80 showed a significant increase in blood T and B cell activities and immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) production. IgG and IgM levels increased to 41.53 mg/mL at a 20 mg dose on day 7 and to 27.38 mg/mL at a 10 mg dose on day 14, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, PE-PBS80 was also able to significantly enhance the immune modulator cytokine levels (p<0.05) compared to the control and vehicle treatments. Among the evaluated cytokines, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) level increased to 28.89 pg/mL at extract doses of 20 and 50 mg, the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) level increased to 21.52 pg/mL at extract doses of 10, 20, :50 and 75 mg and the interferon (IFN)-gamma level increased to 18.24 pg/mL at extract doses of 10, 20, and 50 mg. Therefore, this study presents an effective method for extracting pig placenta extracts and also demonstrates that pig placenta extracts had significant immunomodulatory effects not only at the cellular level but also in a mouse model, suggesting that this material could be used as an excellent candidate functional food supplement.

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