이산화탄소제거를 위한 풍화촉진 기술: 원리, 영향요인및 토양환경에의 적용

초록

Enhanced weathering (EW) is emerging as a promising carbon dioxide removal strategy that also delivers environmentalco-benefits such as improved plant growth and soil quality. This review synthesizes the mechanisms of EW, the keyfactors controlling its efficiency, and its broader environmental implications, with a focus on its potential application inKorea. EW involves applying crushed silicate rocks or industrial by-products to soils, thereby accelerating naturalweathering processes that capture atmospheric CO2 and stabilize it as stable carbonates. The process progresses throughthree stages: hydration of CO2 to carbonic acid, weathering reactions releasing basic cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), and subsequentcarbonate mineralization. Weathering rates are strongly shaped by climate, particularly temperature and precipitation,while particle size determines efficiency through surface area, with finer particles enhancing sequestration but incurringhigher energy costs. Soil pH also creates trade-offs, as acidic conditions (pH 4~6) favor weathering, whereas alkalineconditions (pH 8~10) promote carbonate precipitation. Reported benefits include 7~46% increases in plant productivityand carbon sequestration rates of 0.026~10.5 t CO2/ha/yr, along with improved soil pH, greater exchangeable Mg and Si,and enhanced phosphorus availability. Successful deployment in Korea will require region-specific approaches thataccount for soil properties, monsoon-driven climate patterns, and local agricultural practices.

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