明ㆍ淸代 福建의 宗族 結集과 宗族 이야기 ― 南靖縣 奎洋莊氏宗族 開基始祖 ‘三郞公 이야기’를 중심으로 ―

초록

The development of the Kuiyang Zhuang Lineage can be divided into 3 periods according to the criteria of the number of Lineage members, power of wealth, and prosperity in cultural influence. The first (15∼16th century) represents the period (Embryo Stage) when their number, wealth, and cultural or cultural prosperity were far behind those of other Lineages, the second (13th∼14th century) the period (Rising Stage) when the Lineage gradually became exceeding those of other Lineages culminating in the building of their ancestorial shrine, and the third (13/14th∼20th century and up to now) the period (Blooming Stage) when the Lineage exceeded those of other Lineages in all aspects, while the mid 15th century divides the first from the second period, with the third period beginning around the late 17th century. The Lineage originator, Dear Sanlang, of the Kuiyang Zhuang Lineage was a very ordinary man as seen in his name, who settled down in Kuiyang, Nanjing Prefecture in the early 14th century by chance, owing to some topographical divinatory events (or civil war). His descendents got prosperous, and the needs for unifying Lineage members and constructing Lineage symbols representing themselves had aroused with the spread of the forming-Lineage movement around the implementation of Great Rites Controversy(大禮議) as well as the expending economy under the rules of Jiajing and Wanli emperors, the divisions of the Lineage into branches, the unstable domestic and foreign situations such as Japanese pirates or disputes among Lineage members, and the growth of their influences. Thus, Lineage activities had continued such as publishing their genealogy more than 10 times from the mid 15th to 19th century, constructing Grand Ancestrial Shrine and visiting ancestorial shrine activities by Lineage members living in other areas in the 16th century, locating their ancestors’ tombs and replenishing the Grand Ancestrial Shrine in the 17th century, and tidying up linealogy in the 17th and 19th century. Also the constructing of the story of their Lineage originator Dear Sanlang was one of them. In their genealogy, there appeared a ‘Guarding the Song Emperor’ story, stating that Dear Gongcong, the grandfather of Dear Sanlang, settled down in Chaozhou after loyal service for the last emperor of the Song dynasty. It reveals us how come the grandfather of Dear Sanlang had came to settle down on Chaoyang Prefecture, and shows that the Kuiyang Zhuang Lineage is the descendents of a loyal man. But most of their genealogy do not include the story, nor use the expressions such as 'sought refuge', which shows us their reluctance to accept the story. From it, we may see that they thought it was not a reliable story, or that they thought it had no value in using it. But the Zhuang Lineage members living in Guangdong and Pinghe Prefecture eagerly accepted the ‘Guarding the Song Emperor’ story. It seems that they accepted it actively in order to establish their identity and promote status when the Zhuang Lineage members living in Guangdong or Pinghe Prefecture moved to new place in Chaozhou. The most of the story on Dear Sanlang listed on their genealogy states that he had topographical divinatory insight and respectable characteristics, and that enabled him to be accepted as a son in law, and made his descendents prosperous. The first thing that takes our notice is the things happening around the fact that Dear Sanlang was a son in law. In the era when lineal genealogy principles prevailed, it was a great matter for the Zhuang Lineage to tidy up, who were facing the need to construct their identity. In doing so, they switched their viewpoint from passively rejecting that Dear Sanlang had been accepted to be the son in law of Dear Zhu without describing it to actively accepting the fact by establishing their stance that it was the unification of two different Lineages of the Zhus and the Zhuangs. It happened not only because of the different situations facing the branches living around Nanjing Prefecture including Kuiyang, which was its early settlement area, and those who had moved to Guangdong, Taiwan and other area. But it was also resulted from the fact that there were differences in level of the spread of lineal genealogy principle and the depth of its influence. The second thing grabbing our notice is the words ‘learned by heart the divine principle of land’, ‘appreciate the land’ which was used to highlight the topographical divinatory insight of Dear Sanlang, and as we can see in other Lineages in Nanjing Prefecture, it seems that the belief or respect on topographical divination prevailing around Fujian at that time had been included in his story. While the expression ‘learned by heart the divine principle of land’ had been included in most of its genealogy, it had no concreteness, and Zhuang Huiguang who was leading the compilation of the genealogy did not accept the expression as a true fact, and it shows us that those who were working on its compilation would not think his ability as an topographical divinationist to be high. Third, the description on the deeds of Dear Sanlang depicting his good personality supplements topographical divinatory aids that they could not identify in the real world. Facing the situation that they had to trace their origin back to Dear Sanlang who had with no notable feature, the genealogy compiler who had firm belief that the genealogy is the history of the Lineage, and must be based on facts selected contents that the Lineage members and they themselves could accept relatively easily. So they included the story that the deeds of Dear Sanlang were right and sincere, that he kept his words while being loyal, that he served for Dear Zhu as his real father while paying sincere respect to him after he was accepted to be the son in law, and that the descendent of Dear Sanlang had been holding ritual services for Dear Zhu while building Paying-gratitude Ancestrial Shrine for him. These were not only to show good nature of Dear Sanlang, but also their justification for the fact that Dear Sanlang with no single relative become the son in law of Dear Zhu so that a Lineage destined to be extinct could continue its blood line into prosperity, while showing that the Kuiyang Zhuang Lineage had not been ungrateful by highlighting that the descendents of Dear Sanlang had not forgotten the gratitude of Dear Zhu. One of the things that we must pay attention is that in the Kangxi era, the expressions depicting that the tomb of Dear Sanlang was situated on the topographical divinatory propitious site began to appear in the most of genealogy. The expression was also to satisfy the needs for reasons of the flourishing of the Lineage, which is an example that can be found in other Lineages around Fujian.

키워드