율리아누스 황제의 집권과 ‘시민황제적 태도’ －정치적 의도를 중심으로－

초록

The Romans in the ancient world attached great importance to ‘mos maiorum’, that is ‘custom of forefathers’. The idea of libertas as a symbol of citizen’s right had great influence upon their political thought since the Roman republic had been established. It was from this background that the virtue of ‘civilitas,’ that is, the attitude of civility, could be utilized as a political ideology by Roman emperors in the 1-2 centuries A.D. But in the third century when the Roman empire suffered great difficulties internally and internationally, the emperors could not afford to value the virtue of ‘civilitas’ and the importance of ‘civilitas’ as a virtue of emperor gradually weakened. When the emperor Julian ascended to the throne, he reemphasized the virtue of ‘civilitas’ and behaved himself as a ‘civilis princeps,’ a term designated to an emperor who held to the imperial virtue of ‘civilitas’. He banned the luxurious lives from the court, respected the Senate, and behaved in a modest way. Those ancient and modern authors who were hostile to the emperor Julian reproached his new manners as ostentatious and humble. But we must understand and estimate his new attitudes in the historical context. The emperor Julian pursued ‘politics of nostalgia’. He wanted to reform the Roman Empire and to recover prosperity during the 1-2centuries, especially during the reign of the emperor Marcus Aurelius. The ideal type of emperor which the emperor Julian had tried to pursue reflected such a plan, and it was one of the evidences that showed the fact that the fourth century was a period of transition in the history of Roman Empire.

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