A Glimpse of Noncoding RNAs: Secondary Structure, Emerging Trends, and Potential Applications in Human Diseases

초록

An appealing strategy for the treatment of several diseases is the therapeutic targeting of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Many antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs have been tested in clinical studies over the past 10 years, and several of these have received FDA approval. However, trial results have thus far been mixed, with some studies reporting strong effects and others showing low effectiveness or side effects, including toxicity. Clinical trials for alternative entities like antimiRNAs are underway, and interest in lncRNA-based therapies is constantly growing. From this perspective, we discuss the basic overview of ncRNAs, their significant role as therapeutic biomarkers against different diseases, and the role of secondary structure in noncoding RNAs. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

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