Future Therapeutic Approaches to Annihilate Bacterial Fish Diseases in Aquaculture

초록

The global emergence of bacterial fish diseases has been noticed due to the presence of infectious pathogens in the polluted environment. Bacterial fish diseases are reliable for serious economic losses in aquaculture and cause several clinical effects in human due to bacterial pathogens which are present in the aquaenvironment worldwide. Hence, these contagious or zoonotic diseases and their outbreaks via aquatic animals have been treated by the development of advanced therapies like nano-biomaterials and bacteriophage-based approaches, which are rapidly demanded. Herein, we overwhelmingly emphasize on the bacterial fish disease causing pathogens such as Aeromonas, Campylobacter, Edwardsiella, Erysipelothrix, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, and Streptococcus species and also highlight treatment including antibiotics, nanoparticles, antibacterial peptides, bacteriophage-based therapeutics and their scope in clinical and aqua-animal applications. Advanced therapeutic approaches can develop novel treatment patterns to overcome opportunistic or external or internal fish bacterial infections and are capable of reducing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens and inhibiting the major outbreaks of aquatic animals that could lead to unpredictable aqua-animals, humans, and economic losses. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.

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