蒙齋 金演穆의 생애와 학문 및 교육 활동

초록

Mongjae Kim Yeon-mok 金演穆(1877–1929) was a Confucian scholar who sought to respond to the crises of the port-opening and Japanese colonial periods by preserving Confucian values and the spirit of the seonbi. From his father, Kim Byeong-jong 金秉鍾, he learned Confucian propriety, values, and a practical attitude toward the times, which shaped his critical awareness and sense of fidelity. Later, he studied under Jeon U 田愚 and strengthened his Neo-Confucian foundation through exchanges with Jeon’s disciples. Kim’s scholarship, as seen in Mongjae Sago 蒙齋私稿 , was grounded in Jeon U’s theory of “revering nature and lowering the mind” 性尊心卑 or “nature as teacher and mind as disciple” 性師心弟, based on the doctrine that the mind is rooted in nature 心本性說. It was also connected to the Nakron school’s view of the sameness of human and material nature 人物性同論, as well as to a Confucian consciousness of transmitting the Way from Confucius and Mencius through Zhu Xi, Song Si-yeol, and Jeon U. Kim also upheld the values of Zhonghua 中華 and “revering the king and repelling the barbarians” 尊王攘夷, while admiring figures of the Wijŏng Ch’ŏksa lineage such as Choe Ik-hyeon, Song Byeong-seon, and O Jin-yeong. His scholarly and educational activities developed mainly in Hamgyeong-do, North Jiandao, and Gangwon-do. After the loss of national sovereignty, he moved to Buryeong and later to Yanji County, where he organized efforts to preserve Confucian values under the banner of “revering Chinese civilization” 宗華. After returning to Gangneung, he emphasized Yi I 李珥 and Gyeongmong yogyeol 擊蒙要訣 , teaching that education should aim not merely at acquiring knowledge but at embodying the teachings of the sages and cultivating moral conduct. In his later years, he established Saryuk Jeongsa 四六精舍 in Gusan, Gangneung, and devoted himself to lectures, contributing to the regional spread of Ganjae Studies. Thus, Mongjae Sago is an important source for understanding Kim Yeon-mok’s life, scholarship, educational practice, and the consciousness of Confucian scholars in the Gangwon region during the modern transition period.

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