Bifunctional 'turn on' probes for the simultaneous detection of pd2+ and F- ions, and their applications in the bio-imaging of Artemia salina animal model and molecular logic gate operation

초록

Four bifuctional fluorescencent probe molecules such as 1,5-bis(pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde)carbohydrazone (P1), 1,5-bis(pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde)thiocarbohydrazone (P2), 1,5-bis(ferrocenecarboxaldehyde)carbohy-drazone (P3) and 1,5-bis(ferrocenecarboxaldehyde)thiocarbohydrazone (P4) were designed for the simultaneous detection of Pd2+ and F- ions. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis validate the molecular structure of probe P1, which crystallized in the triclinic P-1 space group. The initial sensing behaviour was tested by visual and smartphone assisted RGB colorimetric detection followed by spectral and theoretical analysis against the selected biologically significant inorganic cations and anions, which showed bifunctional and highly selective optical recognition towards Pd2+ and F- ions. Besides, the 'turn on' fluorescence switching responses were also observed for the Pd2+ and F- ions. The calculated binding constants for complexation has found to be between 1.52 x 10(6) and 3.78 x 10(8) M-1, and the detection limit between 0.18 and 0.31 nM. The Job's plots of probes with Pd2+ and F- ions supported 1:2 and 1:1 binding stoichiometry, respectively. The computational analysis also establish the binding interaction of the probes with the Pd2+ and F- ions. The probes have been effectively applied for the bio-imaging of Pd2+ and F- ions in HaCaT and MDA-MB-231 cells, and A. Salina nauplii as an animal model. Further, the reverting 'ON-OFF' switching behaviour of the probes was demonstrated through the development of molecular logic gates.

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