Genetic Structure and Conservation Implications of Long-Tailed Gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) in South Korea: Phylogenetic Analysis and Haplotype Networks

초록

Molecular phylogenetics and population genetics are key to understanding the evolutionary dynamics and conservation of endangered species. The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) listed as Endangered class I and Natural monument in South Korea, is experiencing population decline due to habitat destruction and fragmentation, necessitating conservation efforts. So, this study used mtDNA control region sequences to investigate intraspecific phylogenetic relationships and haplotype networks of long-tailed gorals in South Korea. Intraspecific phylogeny showed two major clades, A and B, indicating complex genetic structure and historical and contemporary gene flow between populations in Gangwon-do and Gyeongbuk regions. Haplotype diversity (Hd) of long-tailed gorals was relatively high (0.839) but nucleotide diversity (π) was low (0.00661) indicating recent divergence. The findings of this study provide critical insights into the genetic structure and evolutionary history of long-tailed gorals, laying the foundation for informed conservation measures. By identifying genetic connectivity and regional divergence among populations, this study emphasizes the importance of targeted actions to maintain genetic diversity, improve ecological connectivity, and mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation for long-term survival of this endangered species in South Korea.

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