코로나19 예방접종 정책과 정부의 비용 지원: 국제 비교 및 시사점

초록

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to evolve, highlighting the importance of vaccination in reducing morbidity and mortality. This study compared COVID-19 vaccination guidelines and National Immunization Program (NIP) policies across six countries—Australia, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and South Korea—to assess the potential integration of COVID-19 vaccines into South Korea’s NIP. We analyzed regulatory frameworks, advisory committees, target groups, vaccine platforms, and cost-sharing mechanisms using official sources up to January 2025. Findings show that all countries maintain centralized decision-making structures and expert advisory bodies for evidence-based policies. While the U.S. recommends vaccination for all individuals over six months, other countries focus on high-risk groups, including those aged 65+, the immunocompromised, and institutionalized individuals. South Korea, Australia, Canada, and the U.K. provide free vaccines for high-risk groups, with Australia and Canada offering free vaccines to all. Japan ceased subsidies in March 2024, and in the U.S., free vaccination is mainly covered by private insurance, with limited public support. These variations reflect adjustments as COVID-19 transitions to an endemic phase, with policies shifting toward sustainability. South Korea must carefully assess whether to integrate COVID- 19 vaccines into the NIP. Future policies should ensure cost-effectiveness, vaccine supply stability, and financial sustainability amid evolving variants.

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