Herbal Biomedicines as Immunostimulants and Immunosuppressors in Fish

초록

In aquaculture, fish farming or pisciculture is the farming of fishes mainly for commercial food production process and plays a crucial role in socio-economic development worldwide. In last two decades, economic losses and other unseen problems aroused in the aquaculture-related production due to infectious diseases. Immunostimulants and immunosuppressors are one of the most significant approaches for improving the immune system of the aquatic animals and can rejuvenate the aquatic industry by preventing fish diseases. Various types of substances including glucans, bacterial products, lactoferrin, levamisole, and medicinal plant constituents can be used as a disease controlling agents that directly influence the innate or nonspecific and adaptive or specific immune reactions of aquatic animals. Most of the nutritional supplementations of plant constituents as immunostimulants or immunosuppressors for indirectly treating the infectious diseases in aquatic animals have high research priority among scientists. Particularly, the bioactive compounds of the plant constituents can circuitously reinforce the innate immune response of the fish reducing susceptibility to broad spectrum of pathogens. This chapter mainly emphasizes about the efficacy and efficiency of different medicinal plant products as immunostimulants, and also focuses on the immunological and growth performance parameters of several fish species, health, and production. Ultimately, it may shed light on the new era of herbal biomedicines as immunomodulators and immunosuppressors in the aquaculture industry and also discuss about cellular and molecular mechanisms evolved during the dietary intake of medicinal herbs in the fish species. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.

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