Phylogeny and biogeography of Carpinus and subfamily Coryloideae (Betulaceae)

초록

Sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and morphology were employed to construct the phylogeny for Carpinus and the subfamily Coryloideae (Betulaceae). Both the ITS data and the analysis using 23 morphological characters suggest that Corylus is monophyletic and basally branching within the subfamily Coryloideae; Ostryopsis is sister to the clade of Carpinus and Ostrya; Carpinus sect. Carpinus is monophyletic; and Carpinus sect. Distegocarpus is paraphyletic. Results from the two data sets differ mainly in the relative position of Ostrya and the placements of species within Carpinus. Ostrya is placed between Carpinus sect. Distegocarpus and sect. Carpinus in the ITS tree, whereas Carpinus is monophyletic (bootstrap value of 55%) in the morphological data. The phylogenetic results indicate a generalized biogeographic track between southeastern Europe and eastern Asia. This track is found in two clades of Carpinus and one clade of Ostrya. Carpinus also shows a biogeographic connection between eastern Asia and eastern North America in the ITS tree, although discordance is found in the morphological data concerning this biogeographic relationship.

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