아이젠하워의 '필리핀 근무'와 그 활동 -국가방위법 구성과 운영을 중심으로-

초록

As the Tydings-McDuffie Act was passed<1934), the prospects for Philippine independence became clearer. The law provided for the establishment of a Commonwealth government and authorized the Philippine Legislature to call a constitutional convention. After the expiration of a ten-year transition period0935- l 945), American sovereignty over the Philippine would be fully withdrawn. Philippine President-elected Manuel L. Quezon believed the question of independence was settled and that all the Filipinos' efforts should now be directed toward preparing the Philippines for that independence. When General Douglas MacArthur accepted Quezon's suggestion to be a military adviser, an unexpected fate was waiting for Major D. D. Eisenhower. General MacArthur was still Chief of Staff and was very insistent that Eisenhower go along with for a year or so. Following the completion of his military tour in 1935, Eisenhower had to go to the Philippines. His Assignment was as a senior assistant to General MacArthur, who had accepted the post of military adviser to the Commonwealth. For the national defense policy, Commonwealth Act No. 1, known as the National Defense Act, was approved in the Philippines on December 21, 1935. After the inauguration was over, Eisenhower and his team had to get down to completing work on a defense plan for the islands. Eisenhower, then a major in General MacArthur's staff, authored the Philippine National Defense Act which formed the basis of the Philippine military program for the Commonwealth. General MacArthur was the head of the mission and was officially designated as the military adviser to the Philippine government. He formed policy and, except in matters of detail, did all the contact work with the president of the commonwealth in the early period. But most of the planning, organizing, and developing was the other members' work, especially that of Eisenhower. In short, this paper will deal with his role in the formulation of the Philippine Defense Plan during the Commonwealth. Where data are available, I shall also try to look at Eisenhower's personal friendship with Filipino leaders especially during the Commonwealth period or even beyond.