Epidemiological and diagnostic study of porcine Mycoplasma pneumonia in Gangwon province, Korea

초록

Porcine Mycoplasma Pneumonia (PMP) is a chronic respiratory disease that significantly affects pig farms. It is characterized by high morbidity rates and relatively low mortality but leads to reduced growth rates and feed efficiency. The disease has a typical incubation period of 10∼14 days, during which pigs may show reduced appetite, increased coughing, and general weakness due to secondary bacterial infections following the degradation of cilia and epithelial cells. This study investigates the prevalence and diagnostic characteristics of PMP in Gangwon Province by examining visual lung lesions and analyzing histological samples from affected pigs. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis were identified in lesion tissues using Friss medium culture followed by multiplex PCR for DNA analysis. Our findings reveal a 47.3% prevalence of visible lesions in the examined pigs, with a notable increase in spring. Advanced disease stages were marked by enlarged lymph nodes around the bronchi. Notably, detection rates of M. hyopneumoniae varied, achieving 100% in lung tissues, tracheobronchial brushes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, but only 48% in nasal swabs. This study also assesses the impact of management practices like vaccination protocols, biosecurity measures, and veterinary oversight, uncovering significant variations in risk factors between farms with high and low incidence rates.

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