A Study on Intelligent Fire Evacuation Systems

초록

Modern high-rise buildings can cause massive casualties in the event of a fire. However, existing static evacuation systems have limitations, such as delaying evacuation due to insufficient real-time response to changes in evacuation routes caused by fire spread, smoke, and building collapse. To address this issue, this study proposes an intelligent fire evacuation system utilizing BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy) location tracking technology. This system utilizes the RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator) data of BLE beacons, which offer low power and cost. To compensate for RSSI interference and distortion, it applies a fingerprinting technique to accurately estimate real-time location. Furthermore, user location and environmental information collected from BLE tags and fire detection sensors are transmitted to a Flask web server. Based on this data, the server estimates the real-time locations of remaining occupants and, using the A* algorithm on a graph model reflecting the fire situation and emergency exit locations, derives optimal dynamic evacuation routes. This study overcomes the limitations of existing static systems and establishes the foundation for intelligent evacuation support capable of real-time fire response.

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