Development and Evaluation of Natural Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Produced by the Heat Treatment of Pig Bones

초록

Purpose: The aim of this research was to develop and evaluate natural hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics produced from theheat treatment of pig bones. Methods: The properties of natural HA ceramics produced from pig bones were assessed in twoparts. Firstly, the raw materials were characterized. A temperature of 1,200°C was chosen as the calcination temperature. Fine bone powders (BPs) were produced via calcinations and a milling process. Sintered BPs were then characterized usingfield emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and a 2-year in vitrodegradability test. Secondly, an indirect cytotoxicity test was conducted on human osteoblast-like cells, MG63, treated withthe BPs. Results: The average particle size of the BPs was 20 ± 5 μm. FE-SEM showed a non-uniform distribution of theparticle size. The phase obtained from XRD analysis confirmed the structure of HA. Elemental analysis using XRF detectedphosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) with the Ca/P ratio of 1.6. Functional groups examined by FTIR detected phosphate (PO43-),hydroxyl (OH-), and carbonate (CO32-). The EDX, XRF, and FTIR analysis of BPs indicated the absence of organic compounds,which were completely removed after annealing at 1,200°C. The BPs were mostly stable in a simulated body fluid (SBF)solution for 2 years. An indirect cytotoxicity test on natural HA ceramics showed no threat to the cells. Conclusions: Inconclusion, the sintering temperature of 1,200°C affected the microstructure, phase, and biological characteristics of naturalHA ceramics consisting of calcium phosphate. The Ca–P-based natural ceramics are bioactive materials with goodbiocompatibility; our results indicate that the prepared HA ceramics have great potential for agricultural and biologicalapplications.

키워드