Biowaste to biomaterial: Eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite synthesized via microwave irradiation for bone tissue engineering

초록

Hydroxyapatite obtained from bio resources has gained significant concern for its greater catalytic properties. In this study, development of nano-hydroxyapatite (EHA) from eggshell biowaste and subsequently composited Ag (NO3)2, SrCl2 loaded with ampicillin using the microwave irradiation method. The physical structure and phase purity of the synthesized EHA/Ag/Sr/Amp were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a self-assembled, flowerlike morphology of the EHA sample, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used for elemental analysis. Furthermore, the in vitro biological assessments, of MTT assay, indicated that the sample were non-toxic and compatible with human osteoblast MG-63 cell lines. AO/EB double staining performed under a fluorescence microscope indicated morphological changes in apoptotic cell nuclei. Finally, the antimicrobial results demonstrated that the synthesized material exhibited a good antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria. These findings suggest that the EHA/Ag/Sr/Amp are promising candidates for the development of new biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

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