알츠하이머병 치료제 개발을 위한 약물 재창출 기술과 최신 전략

초록

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal loss. Despite extensive global efforts, the development of effective disease-modifying therapies remains challenging due to the multifactorial and complex pathophysiology of AD. Recently, drug repurposing— the strategy of identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs—has emerged as a promising and cost-effective alternative to conventional drug discovery. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in repurposed drug candidates targeting multiple AD-related mechanisms, including amyloid-β aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, metal ion dysregulation, and metabolic and vascular dysfunction. Furthermore, we highlight how artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and multi-omics integration are revolutionizing candidate identification and validation by enabling precision drug-disease matching and biomarker-guided clinical translation. Advances in drug delivery engineering—including blood-brain barrier shuttle systems, nanomedicine, and noninvasive administration routes—further enhance the therapeutic efficacy and brain bioavailability of repurposed compounds. Collectively, these approaches represent a paradigm shift toward an AI-driven, precision medicine-based nextgeneration drug repurposing platform, which aims to accelerate therapeutic innovation, improve treatment personalization, and ultimately transform the landscape of AD management.

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