Using MaxEnt to Predict Bombus Ignitus Distribution in Urban Environments

초록

Background and objective: Urbanization significantly affects pollinators, which are crucial for maintaining biodiversity and supporting ecosystem services. This study aims to predict the potential distribution of Bombus ignitus in Seoul using the Maximum Entropy Algorithm (MaxEnt) model, focusing on the influence of factors of the urban and natural environment on habitat suitability. Methods: Using 21 occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and 10 environmental variables, two MaxEnt scenarios were developed: one including urban variables, and the other excluding them. Model performance was assessed using the Area Under the Curve (AUC), and habitat suitability was classified into four levels. Results: Both scenarios demonstrated high accuracy, with minor differences. The key factors influencing habitat suitability were forest proximity and temperature, while urban environmental variables had limited impact. Farmlands and cultivated grasslands were identified as important habitats, providing key floral resources and nesting sites. Optimal habitats were primarily located in forested, green, and agricultural areas. Conclusion: Natural factors, particularly forest proximity, strongly influence Bombus ignitus habitats. Urban planning should prioritize green spaces to enhance pollinator conservation and biodiversity, ensuring ecological balance in urban environments. Ⓒ 2025 by the Society for People, Plants, and Environment.

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